Forest Health Bibliography

Articles S-T

Saikkonen, K., S. Neuvonen, and P. Kainulainen, Oviposition and larval performance of European pine sawfly in relation to irrigation, simulated acid rain and resin acid concentrations in Scots pine, OIKOS, 74, 273-282, 1995.

Sakata, M., Evaluation of possible causes for the decline of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) based on elemental compostion and ¹³C of needles, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2376-2381, 1996.

Sala, A., S. Sabaté, C. Gracia, and J. D. Tenhunen, Canopy structure within a Quercus ilex forested watershed: Variations due to location, phenological development, and water availability, Trees, 8, 254-261, 1994.

Sala, A., and J. D. Tenhunen, Site-specific water relations and stomatal response of Quercus ilex in a Mediterranean watershed, Tree Physiol., 14, 601-617, 1994.

Sala, A., and J. D. Tenhunen, Simulations of canopy net photosynthesis and transpiration in Quercus ilex L. under the influence of seasonal drought, Agric. and Forest Meteorol., 78, 203-222, 1996.

Salminen, J., J. Haimi, A. Sironen, and J. Ahtiainen, Effects of pentachlorophenol and biotic interactions on soil fauna and decomposition in humus soil, Ecotoxiciology and Environ. Safety, 31, 250-257, 1995.

Samuels, J., The adelgid strikes again, Audubon, 98(2), 24, Mar.-Apr. 1996.

Samuelson, L. J., Ozone-exposure responses of black cherry and red maple seedlings, Environ. Experimental Botany, 34, 355-362, 1994.

Samuelson, L. J., The role of microclimate in determining the sensitivity of Quercus rubra L. to ozone, New Phytol., 128, 235-241, 1994.

Samuelson, L. J., and G. S. Edwards, A comparison of sensitivity to ozone in seedlings and trees of Quercus rubra L., New Phytol., 125, 373-379, 1993.

Samuelson, L. J., J. M. Kelly, P. A. Mays, and G. S. Edwards, Growth and nutrition of Quercus rubra L. seedlings and mature trees after three seasons of ozone exposure, Environ. Pollut., 91, 317-323, 1996.

Samuelson, L. J., and J. M. Kelly, Carbon partitioning and allocation in northern red oak seedlings and mature trees in resonse to ozone, Tree Physiol., 16, 853-858, 1996.

Sandermann, Jr., H., Ozone and plant health, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol., 34, 347-366, 1996.

Sanders, G. E., L. Skärby, M. R. Ashmore, and J. Fuhrer, Establishing critical levels for the effects of air pollution on vegetation, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 189-200, 1995.

Sandhu, H. S., A. H. Legge, and R. R. Wallace, Design, management, and key accomplishments of a coordinated environmental research program on acidic deposition, Environ. Management, 15, 497-506, 1991.

Sanz, M. J., V. Calatayud, E. Calvo, C. Gimeno, F. Puche, E. Barreno, and M. Millán, Variation in epicuticular wax morpholoy of Pinus halepensis Miller and Pinus sylvestris L. in different locations of Spanish east coast, Poster paper at 26th Air Pollution Workshop, Boyce Thompson Inst., Ithaca, NY, March 1994.

Sanz, M. J., V. Calatayud, and E. Calvo, Diferencias morfologicas en las ceras epiestomaticas de varias poblaciones de Pinus sylvestris L. de Castellon y Teruel, Ecología, 9, 201-211, 1995.

Sasek, T. W., and C. J. Richardson, Effects of chronic doses of ozone on loblolly pine: Photosynthetic characteristics in the third growing season, Forest Sec., 35, 745-755, 1989.

Sasek, T. W., C. J. Richardson, E. A. Fendick, S. R. Bevington, and L. W. Kress, Carryover effects of acid rain and ozone on the physiology of multiple flushes of loblolly pine seedlings, Forest Sci., 37, 1078-1098, 1991.

Satchell, J. E., Some aspects of earthworm ecology, in D. K. McE. Kevan, ed., Soil Zoology, Butterworth, London, 180-202, 1955.

Sauer, M., S. Maurer, R. Matyssek, W. Landolt, M. S. Günthardt-Goerg, and U. Siegenthaler, The influence and nutrition on ¹³C in Betula pendula, Oecologia, 103, 397-406, 1995.

Sauvé, S., and W. H. Hendershot, Cation selectivity coefficient variations in acidic forest soils from Sutton, Quebec, Geoderma, 68, 301-308, 1995.

Saxe, H., Photosynthesis and stomatal responses to polluted air and the use of the physiologicl and biochemical responses for early detection and diagnostic tools, Adv. Bot. Res., 18, 1-128, 1991.

Saxena, V. K., and N.-H. Lin, Contribution of acidic deposition on high elevation forest canopy to the hydrologic cycle, Atmos. Deposition, IAHS Publication No. 179, 1989.

Saxena, V. K., R. E. Stogner, A. H. Hendler, T. P. DeFelice, R. J.-Y. Yeh, and N.-H. Lin, Monitoring the chemical climate of the Mt. Mitchell State Park for the evaluation of its impact on forest decline, Tellus, 41B, 92-109, 1989.

Saxena, V. K., and N.-H. Lin, Cloud chemistry measurements and estimates of acidic deposition on an above cloudbase coniferous forest, Atmos. Environ., 24A, 329-352, 1990.

Saxena, V. K., P. A. Durkee, V. P. Aneja, W. P. Robarge, J. D. Grovenstein, K. L. Burns, J. C. Ulman, C. E. Deninger, T. P. DeFelice, and S. P. R. Pasumarti, Cloud-climate feedback mechanisms: A preliminary project report from Mount Mitchell, North Carolina, Conf. on Atmos. Chem., Jan. 23-28, 1994, Nashville, TN, spons. by Am. Meteorol. Soc., Boston, 79-86.

Schaetzl, R. J., D. L. Johnson, S. F. Burns, and T. W. Small, Tree uprooting: Review of terminology, process, and environmental implications, Can. J. For. Res., 19, 1-11, 1989.

Schaaf, W., Effects of Mg(OH)₂-fertilization on nutrient cycling in a heavily damaged Norway spruce ecosystem (NE Bavaria/FRG), Plant and Soil, 168-169, 505-511, 1995.

Schaaf, W., and W. Zech, Element turnover in a heavily damaged Norway spruce ecosystem influenced by N deposition, Plant and Soil, 152, 277-285, 1993.

Schaaf, W. M. Weisdorfer, and R. F. Hüttl, Soil solution chemistry and element budgets of three Scots pine ecosystems along a deposition gradient in northeastern Germany, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 1197-1202, 1995.

Schall, P., Application of the model FIWALD to the Solling spruce site, Ecological Modelling, 83, 151-162, 1995.

Schier, G. A., Response of red spruce and balsam fir seedlings to aluminum toxicity in nutrient solutions, Can. J. For. Res., 15, 29-33, 1985.

Schier, G. A., Seedling growth and nutrient relationships in a New Jersey Pine Barrens soil treated with "acid rain", Can. J. For. Res., 16, 136-142, 1986.

Schier, G. A., and C. J. McQuattie, Effect of aluminum on the growth, anatomy, and nutrient content of ectomycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal eastern white pine seedlings, Can. J. For. Res., 25, 1252-1262, 1995.

Schindler, D. W., A view of NAPAP from north of the border, Ecological Applic., 2, 124-130, 1992.

Schlechte, G. Zure Mykorrhizapilzflora in geschädigten Forstbeständen, Z. Mykol., 52, 225-232, 1986.

Schmeink, B., and A. Wild, Studies on the content of free amino acids in the needles of undamaged and damaged spruce trees at a natural habitat, J. Plant Physiol., 136, 66-71, 1990.

Schmieden-Kompalla, U., U. Hartmann, S. Korthals, and A. Wild, Activity and activation state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of spruce trees with varying degrees of damage relative to the occurrence of novel forest decline, Photosynthesis Res., 21, 161-169, 1989.

Schmieden, U., S. Schneider, and A. Wild, Glutathione status and glutathione reductase activity in spruce needles of healthy and damaged trees at two mountain sites, Environ. Pollut., 82, 239-244, 1993.

Schmieden, U., and A. Wild, Changes in levels of -tocopherol and ascorbate in spruce needles at three low mountain sites exposed to Mg²⁺-deficiency and ozone, Z. Naturforsch., 49c, 171-180, 1994.

Schmieden, U., and A. Wild, The contribution of ozone to forest decline, Physiologia Plantarum, 94, 371-378, 1995.

Schneider, B. U., J. Meyer, E.-D. Schulze, and W. Zech, Root and mycorrhizal development in healthy and declining Norway spruce stands, Ch. 4-E in Schulze, E.-D., O. L. Lange, and R. Oren, eds., Forest Decline and Air Pollution, Springer-Verlag, New York, 370-391, 1989.

Schneider, S., A. Gessler, P. Weber, D. von Sengbusch, U. Hanemann, and H. Rennenberg, Soluble N compounds in trees exposed to high loads of N: A comparison of spruce (Picea abies) and beech (Fagus sylvatica) grown under field conditions, New Phytol., 134, 103-114, 1996.

Schneiderbauer, A., E. Back, H. Sandermann Jr., and D. Ernst, Ozone induction of extensin mRNA in Scots pine, Norway spruce and European beech, New Phytol., 130, 225-230, 1995.

Schreuder, H. T., Simplicity versus efficiency in sampling designs and estimation, Environ. Monitoring and Assessment, 33, 237-245, 1994.

Schreuder, H. T., and C. E. Thomas, Establishing cause-effect relationships using forest survey data, Forest Science, 37, 1497-1512, 1991.

Schreuder, H. T., and R. L. Czaplewski, Long-term strategy for the statistical design of a forest health monitoring system, Environ. Monitoring and Assessment, 27, 81-94, 1993.

Schulz, H., Biochemical indication with needles of conifers - a method for the early recognition of immission stresses, Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen, 184, 419-432, 1989, (in German).

Schulz, H., Biochemische Indikation - Ein Verfahren zur Früherkennung von Immissionswirkungen auf Kiefernnadeln, VDI Berichte Nr. 901, 189-203, 1991.

Schulz, H., M. Wiedner, M. Baur, U. Lauchert, V. Schmitt, B. Schroer, and A. Wild, Recognition of air pollution stress on Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) on the basis of multivariate analysis of biochemical parameters: A model field study, Angew. Bot., 70, 19-27, 1996.

Schulze, E.-D., Tree response to acid deposition into the soil, a summary of the COST workshop at Jeulich 1985, in P. Mathy (ed.), Air Pollution and Ecosystems, D. Reidel Pub. Co., 225-241, 1987.

Schulze, E.-D., Air pollution and forest decline in a spruce (Picea abies) forest, Science, 244, 776-783, 1989.

Schulze, E.-D., R. Oren, and O. L. Lange, Nutrient relations of trees in healthy and declining Norway spruce stands, Ch. 4-F in Schulze, E.-D., O. L. Lange, and R. Oren, eds., Forest Decline and Air Pollution, Ecological Studies 77, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 392-417, 1989b.

Schulze, E.-D., R. Oren, and O. L. Lange, Processes leading to forest decline: A synthesis, Part 5 in Schulze, E.-D., O. L. Lange, and R. Oren, eds., Forest Decline and Air Pollution, Ecological Studies 77, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 459-468, 1989c.

Schulze, E.-D., W. De Vries, M. Hauhs, K. Rosén, L. Rasmussen, C.-O. Tamm, and J. Nilsson, Critical loads for nitrogen deposition on forest ecosystems, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut., 48, 451-456, 1989.

Schulze, R. H., The 20-year history of the evolution of air pollution control legislation in the U.S.A., Atmos. Environ., 27B, 15-22, 1993.

Schütt, P., and E. B. Cowling, Waldsterben, a general decline of forests in Central Europe: Symptoms, development, and possible causes, Plant Disease, 69, 548-558, 1985.

Schwartz, M. W., The catastrophic loss of Torreya taxifolia: Assessing environmental induction of disease hypotheses, Ecol. Applic., 5, 501-516, 1995.

Schwartz, S. E., Acid deposition: Unraveling a regional phenomenon, Science, 243, 753-763, 1989.

Schweingruber, F. H., Waldschadensanalysen in der russichchen Taiga, Allgemeine Forst Zeitschrift No.25, 1994.

Schweingruber, F. H., and V. Voronin, A study on the dendrochronology and soil chemistry of the forest damage area Norilsk, Siberia, and the consequences for the interpretation of large-scale crown assessment inventories (in German), Allg. Forst-u.J.Ztg., 167(3), 53-67, 1996.

See, R. B., L. J. Schroder, and T. C. Willoughby, A quality-assurance assessment for constituents reported by the National Atmospheric Deposition Program and the National Trends Network, Atmos. Environ., 23, 1801-1806, 1989.

Segura, G., L. B. Brubaker, J. F. Franklin, T. M. Hinckley, D. A. Maguire, and G. Wright, Recent mortality and decline in mature Abies amabilis: The interaction between site factors and tephra deposition from Mount St. Helens, Can. J. For. Res., 24, 1112-1122, 1994.

Segura, G., T. M. Hinckley, and L. B. Brubaker, Variations in radial growth of declining old-growth stands of Abies amabilisd after tephra deposition from Mount St. Helens, Can. J. For. Res., 25, 1484-1492, 1995.

Selldén, G., and H. Pleijel, Photochemical oxidant effects on vegetation - response in relation to plant strategy, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 111-122, 1995.

Shafer, S. R., Influence of ozone and simulated acidic rain on microorganisms in the rhizosphere of sorghum, Environ. Pollut., 51, 131-152, 1988.

Shafer, S. R., and A. S. Heagle, Growth responses of field-grown loblolly pine to chronic doses of ozone during multiple growing seasons, Can. J. For. Res., 19, 821-831, 1989.

Shafer, S. R., Responses of microbial populations in the rhizosphere to deposition of simulated acidic rain onto foliage and/or soil, Environ. Pollut., 76, 267-278, 1992.

Shafer, S. R., R. I. Bruck, and A. S. Heagle, Influence of simulated acidic rain on Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytophthora root rot of blue lupine, Phytopathology, 75, 996-1003, 1985.

Shafer, S. R., L. F. Grund, R. I. Bruck, and A. S. Heagle, Formation of ectomycorrhizae on Pinus taeda seedlings exposed to simulated acidic rain, Can. J. For. Res., 15, 66-71, 1985.

Shafer, S. R., A. S. Heagle, and D. M. Camberato, Effects of chronic doses of ozone on field-grown loblolly pine: Seedling responses in the first year, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 37, 1179-1184, 1987.

Shafer, S. R., and A. S. Heagle, Growth responses of field-grown loblolly pine to chronic doses of ozone during multiple growing seasons, Can. J. For. Res., 19, 821-831, 1989.

Shafer, S. R., R. A. Reinert, G. Eason, and S. E. Spruill, Analysis of ozone concentration-biomass response relationships among open-pollinated families of loblolly pine, Can. J. For. Res., 23, 706-715, 1993.

Shao, G., G. Zhao, S. Xhao, H. H. Shugart, S. Wang, and J. Schaller, Forest cover types derived from Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery for Changbai Mountain area of China, Can. J. For. Res., 26, 206-216, 1996.

Shan, Y., Z. Feng, T. Izuta, M. Aoki, and T. Totsuka, The individual and combined effects of ozone and simulated acid rain on growth, gas exchange rate and water-use efficiency of Pinus armandi Franch., Environ. Pollut., 91, 355-361, 1996.

Shannon, J. D., Modeled sulfur deposition trends since 1900 in North America, H. van Dop and D. G. Steyn, eds,. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application VIII, Plenum Press, NY, 61-68, 1991.

Shannon, J. D., Regional analysis of S emission-deposition trends in North America from 1979 through 1988, H. van Dop and G. Kallos, eds,. Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application IX, Plenum Press, NY, 57-64, 1992.

Shannon, J. D., and D. L. Sisterson, Estimation of S and NO_x deposition budgets for the United States and Canada, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 63, 211-235, 1992.

Shannon, J. D., and E. C. Voldner, Deposition of S and NO_x nitrogen to the Great Lakes estimated with a regional deposition model, Environ. Sci. Technol., 26, 970-978, 1992.

Sharma, G. K., Leaf epidermal and gross morphological adaptations in Salix nigra Marsh. (Salicaceae) in relation to enviornmental pollution, J. Tennessee Acad. Sci., 68(3), 73-76, July 1993.

Sharpe, W. E., D. R. DeWalle, and B. R. Swistock, On defining acidification status of unglaciated headwater Appalachian catchments, Headwaters Hydrology, Am. Water Res. Assoc., 517-525, 1989.

Sharpe, W. E., B. R. Swistock, and D. R. DeWalle, A greenhouse study of northern red oak seedling growth on two forest soils at different stages of acidification, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 66, 121-133, 1993.

Sharpe, W. E., and T. L. Sunderland, Acid-base status of upper rooting zone soil in declining and non-declining sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marxh) stands in Pennsylvania, 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conf., 172-178, 1995.

Shaver, C. L., K. A. Tonnessen, and T. G. Maniero, Clearing the air at Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Ecol. Applic., 4, 690-701, 1994.

Shen, J. Q. Zhao, H. Tang, F. Zhang, Z. Feng, T. Okita, N. Ogura, and T. Totsuka, Concentrations and depositions of SO₂,, SO₄^2- etc. in a Chongqing suburban forested area, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 1299-1304, 1995.

Shepard, M. R., C. E. Lee, R. S. Woosley, and D. J. Butcher, Determination of calcium and magnesium by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in Fraser fir (Abies fraseri) and red spruce (Picea rubens) foliage from Richland Balsam Mountain, North Carolina, Microchem. J., 52, 118-126, 1995.

Sheppard, L. J., Does exposure to sulphate in acid mist reduce frost hardiness in spruce, and if so, how do the SO₄^2- ions enter the needles?, IOFRO Proc., Air Pollution and Multiple Stresses, Canada, Sept. 1994.

Sheppard, L. J., Causal mechanisms by which sulphate, nitrate and acidity influence frost hardiness in red spruce: Review and hypothesis, New Phytol., 127, 69-82, 1994.

Sheppard, L. J., J. N. Cape, and I. D. Leith, Influence of acidic mist on frost hardiness and nutrient concentrations in red spruce seedlings, 1. Exposure of the foliage and the rooting environment, New Phytol., 124, 595-605, 1994.

Sheppard, L. J., J. N. Cape, and I. D. Leith, Influence of acidic mist on frost hardiness and nutrient concentrations in red spruce seedlings, 2. Effects of misting frequency and rainfall exclusion, New Phytol., 124, 607-615, 1994.

Sheppard, L. J., A. Crossley, J. A. Carreira, A. F. Harrison, L. Reuss, and A. Wulff, Reduction in stem area increment in Sitka spruce receiving acid mist in the field - possible causes, Prof. BIOFOSP, Ljubljana, pp. 15-19, Aug. 22-31, 1995.

Sherman, R. E., and T. J. Fahey, The effects of acid deposition on the biogeochemical cycles of major nutrients in miniature red spruce ecosystems, Biogeochemistry, 24, 85-114, 1994.

Shigo, A. L., Compartmentalization of decay in trees, Scientific American, xx, 96-103, XXX 198?.

Shigo, A. L., Compartmentalization: A conceptual framework for understanding how trees grow and defend themselves, Ann. Rev. Phytopathol., 2, 189-214, 1984.

Shine, K. P., Y. Fouquart, V. Ramaswamy, S. Solomon, and J. Srinivasan, Radiative forcing, Ch. 4 in J. T. Houghton et al., Climate Change 1994, Cambridge University Press, 163-203, 1995.

Shopauskene, D., D. Dudvytyte, and V. Josefaite, The character and variation in the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation in Lithuania, J. Ecol. Chem., 2, 161-167, 1993.

Shortle, W. C., and J. Bauch, Wood characteristics of Abies balsamea in the New England states compared to Abies alba from sites in Europe with decline problems, IAWA Bulletin, 7, 375-387, 1986.

Shortle, W. C., and K. T. Smith, Aluminum-induced calcium deficiency syndrome in declining red spruce, Science, 240, 1017-1018, 1988.

Shortle, W. C., and E. A. Bondietti, Timing, magnitude, and impact of acidic deposition on sensitive forest sites, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 61, 253-267, 1992.

Shortle, W. C., K. T. Smith, R. Minocha, and W. A. Alexeyev, Similar patterns of change in stemwood calcium concentration in red spruce and Siberian fir, J. Biogeography, 22, 467-473, 1995.

Shubzda, J., S. E. Lindberg, C. T. Garten, and S. C. Nodvin, Elevational trends in the fluxes of sulphur and nitrogen in throughfall in the southern Appalachian mountains: Some surprising results, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 2265-2270, 1995.

Shure, D. J., and L. A. Wilson, Patch-size effects on plant phenolics in successional openings of the southern Appalachians, Ecology, 74, 55-67, 1993.

Sievering, H., G. Enders, L. Kins, G. Kramm, K. Ruoss, G. Roider, M. Zelger, L. Anderson, and R. Dlugi, Nitric acid, particulate nitrate and ammonium profiles at the Bayerischer Wald: Evidence for large deposition rates of total nitrate, Atmos. Environ., 28, 311-315, 1994.

Sievering, H., D. Rusch, and L. Marquez, Nitric acid, particulate nitrate and ammonium in the continental free troposphere: Nitrogen deposition to an alpine tundra ecosystem, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2527-2537, 1996.

Simini, M., J. M. Skelly, D. D. Davis, J. E. Savage, and A. C. Comrie, Sensitivity of four hardwood species to ambient ozone in north central Pennsylvania, Can. J. For. Res., 22, 1789-1799, 1992.

Simmleit, N., R. Herrmann, A. Wild, W. Forschner, E. Gärtner, J. Eichhorn, and H.-R. Schulten, Selection of biological and chemical parameters indicating or affecting the vitality of Norway spruce, Sci. Total Environ., 106, 195-219, 1991.

Simmons, J. A., J. B. Yavitt, and T. J. Fahey, Watershed liming effects on the forest floor N cycle, Birgeochem., 32, 221-244, 1996.

Sirakov, D., M. Kolarova, D. Perkauskas, K. Senuta, and A. Mikelinskene, Model of long-range pollutant dispersion and acidity of precipitation for the Baltic region, J. Ecol. Chem., 2, 169-172, 1993.

Skärby, L., G. Wallin, G. Selldén, P. E. Karlsson, S. Ottosson, S. Sutinen, and P. Grennfelt, Tropospheric ozone - a stress factor for Norway spruce in Sweden, Ecological Bulletins (Copenhagen), 44, 133-146, 1995.

Skeffington, R. A., and E. J. Wilson, Excess nitrogen deposition: Issues for consideration, Environ. Pollut., 54, 159-184, 1988.

Skelly, J. M., Forest decline versus tree decline - the pathological considerations, Environ. Monitoring and Assessment, 12, 23-27, 1989.

Skelly, J. M., Global perspective on forest health issues: An attempt to discern fact from fiction, Environ. Toxicology and Chem., 11, 1049-1050, 1992.

Skelly, J. M., Diagnostics and air pollution damage appraisals: Are we being sufficiently careful in appraising our forest health?, Forstw. Cbl., 112, 12-20, 1993.

Skelly, J. M., Y.-S. Yang, B. I. Chevone, S. J. Long, J. E. Nellessen, and W. E. Winner, Ozone concentrations and their influence on forest species in the Blue Ridge mountains of Virginia, in Air Pollution and the Productivity of the Forest, D. D. Davis, A. A. Millen, and L. Dochinger, eds., Izaak Walton League of America, pp. 143-159, 1983.

Skelly, J. M., and J. L. Innes, Waldsterben in the forests of Central Europe and eastern North America: Fantasy of reality?, Plant Disease, 78, 1021-1031, 1994.

Skyllberg, U., Aluminum associated with a pH increase in the humus layer of a boreal haplic podzol, Interciencia, 19, 356-365, 1994.

Skyllberg, U., Solution/soil ratio and release of cations and acidity from spodosol horizons, Soil Sci. Am. J., 59, 786-795, 1995.

Skyllberg, U., Small scale pH buffering in organic horizons of two boreal coniferous forest stands, Plant and Soil, 179, 99-107, 1996.

Slankis, V., Formation of ectendomycorrhizae of forest trees in relation to light, carbohydrates, and auxin, in E. Hacskaylo (ed.), Mycorrhizae, U.S. Dept. Agric., Misc. Publ. 1189, 151-167, 1971.

Slovik, S., Early needle senescence and thinning of the crown structure of Picea abies as induced by chronic SO₂ pollution, I. Model deduction and analysis, Global Change Biology, in press, 1996.

Slovik, S., Early needle senescence and thinning of the crown structure of Picea abies as induced by chronic SO₂ pollution, II. Field data basis, model results and tolerance limits, Global Change Biology, in press, 1996.

Slovik, S., Tree physiology, in R. F. Hüttl and W. Schaaf, eds., Nutrition of Ecosystems. Magnesium Deficiency in Forest Ecosystems, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, in press, 1996.

Slovik, S., A. Siegmund, G. Kindermann, R. Riebling, and Á. Balázs, Stomatal SO2 uptake and sulfate accumulation in needles of Norway spruce stands (Picea abies) in Central Europe, Plant and Soil, 168-169, 405-419, 1995.

Slovik, S., Á. Balázs, and A. Siegmund, Canopy throughfall of Picea abies (L.) Karst. as depending on trace gas concentrations, Plant and Soil, 178, 295-310, 1996.

Slovik, S., A. Siegmund, H.-W. Führer, and U. Heber, Stomatal uptake of SO₂, NO_x, and O₃ by spruce crowns (Picea abies) and canopy damage in Central Europe, New Phytol., 132, 661-676, 1996.

Smeulders, S. M., A. Gorissen, N. N. Joosten, and J. A. Van Veen, Effects of short-term ozone exposure on the carbon economy of mature and juvenile Douglas firs [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco], New Phytol., 129, 45-53, 1995.

Smidt, S., Assessment of air pollution stress on forest ecosystems by the example of the Northen Tyrolean Limestone Alps, J. Plant Physiol., 148, 287-295, 1996.

Smidt, S., and F. Herman, Ecosystem studies at different elevations in an alpine valley, Phyton, 32, 177-200, 1992.

Smidt, S., E. Bermadinger-Stabentheiner, and F. Herman, Altitude-dependent ozone concentrations and changes of ozone-related plant-physiological parameters in the needles of Norway spruce, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, 102B, 113-117, 1994.

Smidt, S., and W. Loibl, Potentielles Ozonrisiko für Österreichische Baumarten, Österreichische Forstszeitung, 6, 33-34, 1996.

Smidt, S., W. Loibl, and K. Gabler, Potential ozone risk for selected tree species in Austria, Poster presented at 26th Int. Symp. for Environmental Analytical Chem., Vienna, Apr. 9-12, 1996.

Smith, F. B., Emission reductions to meet deposition criteria, Amtos. Environ., 26A, 609-624, 1992.

Smith, G. M., and P. J. Curran, The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for the estimation of foliar biochemical concentrations, Int. J. Remote Sens., 17, 1031-1058, 1996.

Smith, K. T., and W. D. Ostrofsky, Cambial and internal electrical resistance of red spruce trees in eight diverse stands in the northeastern United States, Can. J. For. Res., 23, 322-326, 1993.

Smith, K. T., and W. C. Shortle, Tree biology and dendrochemistry, Tree Rings, Environment and Humanity, Conference publication from conf. held in Tucson, Arizona, 17-21 May 1994, in press, 1995.

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