Forest Health Bibliography

Articles O-P

Oak, S. W., D. A. Starkey, and P. Ishikawa, Jr., Application of color infrared aerial photography for detecting oak decline damage and change in southern forests, source?, approx. 1990.

Oak, S. W., F. Tainter, J. Williams, and D. A. Starkey, Oak decline risk rating for the southeastern United States, Ann. Sci. For., 53, 721-730, 1996.

Oechel, W. C., S. Cowles, N. Grulke, S. J. Hastings, B. Lawrence, T. Prudhomme, G. Riechers, B. Strain, D. Tissue, and G. Vouriltis, Transient nature of CO₂ fertilization in Arctic tundra, Nature, 371, 500-503, 1994.

Oehlert, G. W., Shrinking a wet deposition network, Atmos. Environ., 30, 1347-1357, 1996.

Office of Technology Assessment, Acid rain and transported air pollutants: Implications for public policy, Rep. OTA-0-204, U. S. Congr. Off. of Technol. Assess., Washington, DC, June 1984.

Ogner, G., No general effect of ozone on foliar nutrient concentrations in mature scions of grafted Picea abies trees, Environ. Pollut., 82, 197-200, 1993.

Oleksyn, J., and S. Bialobok, Net photosynthresis, dark respiration and susceptibility to air pollution of 20 European provenances of Scots Pine Pinus sylvestris L., Environ. Pollut., Ser. A, 40, 287-302, 1986.

Oleksyn, J., and K. Przybyl, Oak decline in the Soviet Union - scale and hypothesis, European J. Forest Pathology, 17, 321-336, 1987.

Oleksyn, J., W. Chalupka, M. G. Tjoelker, and P. B. Reich, Geographic origin of Pinus sylvestris populations influences the effects of air pollution on flowering and growth, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut., 62, 201-212, 1992.

Oleksyn, J., H. C. Fritts, and M. K. Hughes, Tree-ring analysis of different Pinus sylvestris provenances, Quercus robur, Larix decidua and L. decidua x L. kaempferi affected by air pollution, Arboretum Kórnickie, 38, 87-111, 1993.

Oleksyn, J., W. Prus-Glowacki, M. Giertych, and P. B. Reich, Relation between genetic diversity and pollution impact in a 1912 experiment with East European Pinus sylvestris provenances, Can. J. For. Res., 24, 2390-2394, 1994.

Oleksyn, J., P. Karolewski, M. J. Giertych, A. Werner, M. G. Tjoelker, and P. B. Reich, Altered root growth and plant chemistry of Pinus sylvestris seedlings subjected to aluminum in nutrient solution, Trees, 10, 135-144, 1996.

Oleksyn, J., and P. B. Reich, Pollution, habitat destruction, and biodiversity in Poland, Conservation Biology, 8, 943-960, 1994.

Oleksyn, J., P. Karolewski, M. J. Giertych, A. Werner, M. G. Tjoelker, and P. B. Reich, Altered root growth and plant chemistry of Pinus sylvestris seedlings subjected to aluminum in nutrient solution, Trees, 10, 135-144, 1996.

Ollinger, S. V., J. D. Aber, G. M. Lovett, S. E. Millham, R. G. Lathrop, and J. M. Ellis, A spatial model of atmospheric deposition for the northeastern U.S., Ecological Applic., 3, 459-472, 1993.

Olszyk, D. M., B. K. Takemoto, and M. Poe, Leaf photosynthetic and water relations responses for "Valencia" orange trees exposed to oxidant air pollution, Environ. Experiment. Bot., 31, 427-436, 1991.

O'Neill, E. G., Responses of soil biota to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, Plant and Soil, 165, 55-65, 1994.

O'Neill, E. G., R. V. O'Neill, and R. J. Norby, Hierarchy theory as a guide to mycorrhizal research on large-scale problems, Environ. Pollut., 73, 271-284, 1991.

Opperrmann, T. A., Rinden- und holzbrütende Insekten an immissionsgeschädigten Fichten und Kiefern, Holz-Zentralblatt, 111, 213-217, 1985.

Opydo, J., Estimation of oak stand pollution with heavy metals on the Krotoszyn Plateau, Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 63, 83-86, 1994.

Opydo, J., Estimation of aluminium pollution in oak stands on the Krotoszyn Plateau, Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae, 65, 345-348, 1996.

Oren, R., and E.-D. Schulze, Nutritional disharmony and forest decline: A conceptual model, Ch. 4-H in Schulze, E.-D., O. L. Lange, and R. Oren, eds., Forest Decline and Air Pollution, Ecological Studies 77, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp 425-443, 1989b.

Oren, R., K. S. Werk, N. Buchmann, and R. Zimmermann, Chlorophyll-nutrient relationships identify nutritionally caused decline in Picea abies stands, Can. J. For. Res., 23, 1187-1195, 1993.

Ostfeld, R. S., C. G. Jones, and J. O. Wolff, Of mice and mast (and gypsy moths), Bioscience, 45, 323-330, 1996.

Ouimet, R., and J.-M. Fortin, Growth and foliar nutrient status of sugar maple: Incidence of forest decline and reaction to fertilization, Can. J. For. Res., 22, 699-706, 1992.

Ouimet, R., and C. Camiré, Foliar deficiencies of sugar maple stands associated with soil cation imbalances in the Quebec Appalachians, Can. J. Soil Sci., 75, 169-175, 1995.

Ouimet, R., C. Camiré, and V. Furian, Endomycorrhizal status of sugar maple in relation to tree decline and foliar, fine-roots, and soil chemistry in the Beauce region, Quebec, Can. J. Bot., 73, 1168-1175, 1995.

Ouimet, R., C. Camiré, and V. Furlan, Effect of soil base saturation and endomycorrhization on growth and nutrient status of sugar maple seedlings, Can. J. Soil Sci., 76, 109-115, 1996.

Ouimet, R., C. Camiré, and V. Furlan, Effect of soil K, Ca, and Mg saturation and endomycorrhization on growth and nutrient uptake of sugar maple seedlings, Plant and Soil, 179, 207-216, 1996.

Overpeck, J. T., P. J. Bartlein, and T. Webb III, Potential magnitude of future vegetation change in eastern North America: Comparisons with the past, Science, 354, 692-695, 1991.

Pääkkönen, E., S. Paasisalo, T. Holopainen, and L. Kärenlampi, Growth and stomatal responses of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clones to ozone in open-air and chamber fumigations, New Phytol., 125, 615-623, 1993.

Pääkkönen, E., and T. Holopainen, Influence of nitrogen supply on the response of clones of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) to ozone, New Phytol., 129, 595-603, 1995.

Pääkkönen, E., T. Holopainen, and L. Kärenlampi, Ageing-related anatomical and ultrastructural changes in leaves of birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clones as affected by low ozone exposure, Annals of Botany, 75, 285-294, 1995.

Pääkkönen, E., T. Holopainen, and L. Kärenlampi, Effects of ozone on birch (Betula pendula Roth.) clones, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 1331-1336, 1995.

Palomäki, V., J. K. Holopainen, and T. Holopainen, Effects of drought and waterlogging on ultrastructure of Scots pine and Norway spruce needles, Trees, 9, 98-105, 1995.

Palomäki, V., S. Metsärinne, J. K. Holopainen, and T. Holopainen, The ozone sensitivity of birch (Betula pendula) in relation to the developmental stage of leaves, New Phytol., 132, 145-154, 1995.

Pääkkönen, E., J. Vahala, T. Holopainen, R. Karjalainen, and L. Kärenlampi, Growth responses and related biochemical and ultrastructural changes of the photosynthetic apparatus in birch (Betula pendula) saplings exposed to low concentrations of ozone, Tree Physiol., 16, 597-605, 1996.

Palomäki, V., and H. Raitio, Chemical composition and ultrastructural changes in Scots pine needles in a forest decline area in southern Finland, Trees, 9, 311-317, 1995.

Paolacci, A. R., M. Badiani, A. D'Annibale, C. Bignami, I. Fumagalli, A. Fusari, G. Lorenzini, G. Matteucci, L. Mignanego, F. Rossini, G. Schenone, and G. G. Sermanni, The effects of realistic ozone exposure on the biology and productivity of peach trees and durum wheat grown in open-top chambers in central Italy, Agr. Med. Special Vol., 125-139, 1995.

Pardo, L. H., and C. T. Driscoll, Critical loads for nitrogen deposition: Case studies at two northern hardwood forests, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 89, 105-128, 1996.

Parry, W. H., The effects of nitrogen levels in Sitka spruce needles on Elatobium abietinum (Walker) populations in north-eastern Scotland, Oecologia, 15, 305-320, 1974.

Parry, W. H., The role of the environment in host-insect interactions, in Heybroek, H. M., B. R. Stephan, and K. von Weissenberg, Resistance to Diseases and Pests in Forest Trees, pp. 22-31, 1982.

Paulus, W., and A. Bresinsky, Soil fungi and other microorganisms, Ch. 2-A in Schulze, E.-D., O. L. Lange, and R. Oren, eds., Forest Decline and Air Pollution, Springer-Verlag, New York, 110-120, 1989.

Payette, S., M.-J. Fortin, and C. Morneau, The recent sugar maple decline in southern Quebec: Probable causes deduced from tree rings, Can. J. For. Res., 26, 1069-1078, 1996.

Payne, T. L., Life history and habits, in R. C. Thatcher, J. L. Searcy, J. E. Coster, and G. D. Hertel, eds., The Southern Pine Beetle, Forest Service Tech. Bulletin 1631, US Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, DC, pp. 7-28, 1980.

Pearson, J., and G. R. Stewart, Tansley Review No. 56: The deposition of atmospheric ammonia and its effects on plants, New Phytol., 125, 283-305, 1993.

Pearson, J., and A. Soares, A hypothesis of plant susceptibility to atmospheric pollution based on intrinsic nitrogen metabolism: Why acidity really is the problem, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 1227-1232, 1995.

Pearson, M., and T. A. Mansfield, Effects of exposure to ozone and water stress on the following season's growth of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), New Phytol., 126, 511-515, 1994.

Peine, J. D., J. C. Randolph, J. J. Presswood, Jr., Evaluating the effectiveness of air quality management within the class 1 area of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Environ. Management, 19, 515-526, 1995.

Pell, E. J., Ozone toxicity--is there more than one mechanism of action? in T. C. Hutchinson and K. M. Meema, eds., Effects of atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands, and Agricultural Ecosystems, NATO ASI Series, Vol. G15, 229-240, 1987.

Pell, E. J., P. J. Temple, A. L. Friend, H. A. Mooney, and W. E. Winner, Compensation as a plant response to ozone and associated stresses: An analysis of ROPIS experiments, J. Environ. Qual., 23, 429-436, 1994

Pellett, G. L., R. Bustin, and R. C. Harriss, Sequential Sampling and variability of acid precipitation in Hampton, Virginia, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 21, 33-49, 1984.

Penkett, S. A., Atmospheric photochemisty and its role in the generation of acidicity in rain, Ch. 24 in J. G. Calvert, ed., The Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Its Impact on Global Change, Blackwell Scientific Pub., Boston, 327-343, 1994.

Pennanen, T., Å. Frostegård, H. Fritze, and E. Bååth, Phospholipid fatty acid composition and heavy metal tolerance of soil microbial communities along two heavy metal-polluted gradients in coniferous forests, Appl. and Environ. Microbiology, 62, 420-428, 1996.

Penner, J. E., R. J. Charlson, J. M. Hales, N. S. Laulainen, R. Leifer, T. Novakov, J. Ogren, L. F. Radke, S. E. Schwartz, and L. Travis, Quantifying and minimizing uncertainty of climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 75, 375-400, 1994.

Pérez-Soba, M., and P. H. B. de Visser, Nitrogen metabolism of Douglas fir and Scots pine as affected by optimal nutrition and water supply under conditions of relatively high atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Trees, 9, 19-25, 1994.

Perkins, T. D., H. W. Vogelamnn, and R. M. Klein, Changes in light intensity and temperature as a result of forest decline on Camels Hump, Vermont, Can. J. For. Res., 17, 565-568, 1987.

Perkins, T. D., and G. T. Adams, Rapid freezing induces winter injury symptomatology in red spruce foliage, Tree Physiol., 15, 259-266, 1995.

Persson, H., H. Majdi, and A. Clemensson-Lindell, Effects of acid deposition on tree roots, Ecological Bulletins, 44, 158-167, 1995.

Persson, H., Y. von Fricks, H. Majdi, and L. O. Nilsson, Root distribution in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stand subjected to drought and ammonium-sulphate application, Plant and Soil, 168-169, 161-165, 1995.

Persson, H., and H. Majdi, Effects of acid deposition on tree roots in Swedish forest stands, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 85, 1287-1292, 1995.

Persson, T., and A. Wiren, Microbial activity in forest soils in relation to acid/base and carbon/nitrogen status, in F. H. Braekke, K. Bjor, and B. Halvorsen, eds,. Air Pollution as Stress Factor in the Nordic Forests, Medd. Nor. inst. skogforsk., 42, 83-94, 1989.

Persson, T., H. Lundkvist, A. Wiren, R. Hyvonen, and B. Wessen, Effects of acidification and liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organisms in mor humus, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut., 45, 77-96, 1989.

Persson, T., A. Wiren, and S. Andersson, Effects of liming on carbon and nitrogen mineralization in coniferous forests, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 54, 351-364, 1990/91.

Persson, T., and A. Wiren, Effects of experimental acidification on C and N mineralization in forest soils, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 47, 159-174, 1993.

Persson, T., and A. Wiren, Nitrogen mineralization and potential nitrification at different depths in acid forest soils, Plant and Soil, 168-169, 55-65, 1995.

Peterman, R. M., The importance of reporting statistical power: The forest decline and acidic deposition example, Ecology, 71, 2024-2027, 1990.

Petersen, H., and M. Luxton, A comparative analysis of soil fauna populations and their role in decomposition processes, Oikos, 39, 288-388, 1982.

Peterson, D. L., M. J. Arbaugh, V. A. Wakefield, and P. R. Miller, Evidence of growth reduction in ozone-injured Jeffrey pine (Pine jeffreyi Grev. and Balf.) in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, Air Pollut. Control Assoc. J., 37, 906-912, 1987.

Peterson, D. L., J. D. Aber, P. A. Matson, D. H. Card, N. Swanberg, C. Wessman, and M. Spanner, Remote sensing of forest canopy and leaf biochemical contents, Remote Sens. Environ,. 24, 85-108, 1988.

Peterson, D. L., and M. J. Arbaugh, An evaluation of the effects of ozone injury on radial growth of Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the southern Sierra Nevada, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 38, 921-927, 1988.

Peterson, D. L., M. J. Arbaugh, and L. J. Robinson, Regional growth changes in ozone-stressed ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA, The Holocene, 1, 50-61, 1991.

Peterson, D. L., M. J. Arbaugh, and L. J. Robinson, Effects of ozone and climate on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growth in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, Can. J. For. Res., 23, 1750-1759, 1993.

Peterson, D. L., D. G. Silsbee, M. Poth, M. J. Arbaugh, and F. E. Biles, Growth response of bigcone Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga macrocarpa to long-term ozone exposure in southern California, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc., 45, 36-45, 1995.

Peuke, A. D., and R. Tischner, Nitrate uptake and reduction of aseptically cultivated spruce seedlings, Picea abies (L.) Karst., J. Experimental Botany, 42, 723-728, 1991.

Peuke, A. D., and R. Tischner, The effects of SO₂ fumigation on the nitrogen metabolism of aseptically grown spruce seedlings, Environ. Pollut., 83, 371-377, 1994.

Pfanz, H., and W. Beyschlag, Photosynthetic performance and nutrient status of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst] at forest sites in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge), Trees, 7, 115-122, 1993.

Pfanz, H., B. Vollarath, B. Lomsky, B. Oppmann, V. Hynek, W. Beyschlag, W. Bilger, M. V. White, and J. Materna, Life expectancy of spruce needles under extremenly high air pollution stress: Performance of trees in the Ore Mountains, Trees, 8, 213-222, 1994.

Phillips, D. L., E. H. Lee, A. A. Herstrom, W. E. Hogsett, and D. T. Tingey, Use of auxiliary data for spatial interpolation of ozone exposure in southeastern forests, Enviornmetrics, in press, 1996.

Phillips, O. L., and A. H. Gentry, Increasing turnover through time in tropical forests, Science, 263, 954-958, 1994.

Phillips, S. L., and J. R. Ehleringer, Limited uptake of summer precipitation by bigtooth maple (Acer grandidentatum Nutt) and Gambel's oak (Quercus gambelii Nutt), Trees, 9, 214-219, 1995.

Phipps, R. L., Ring-width analysis, in Air Pollution and the Productivity of the Forest, Wash., DC, spons. by Izaak Walton League of America, 255-271, Oct. 4-5, 1983.

Phipps, R. L., and J. C. Whiton, Decline in long-term growth trends of white oak, Can. J. For. Res., 18, 24-32, 1988.

Pickens, C. J., and W. E. Sharpe, An acidic forest soil in the greenhouse: A microcosm of the effects of global warming, in Managing Water Resources During Global Change, Am. Water Res. Assoc., 527-535, 1992.

Pickens, C. J., W. E. Sharpe, and P. J. Edwards, The effects of doubling annual N and S deposition on foliage and soil chemistry and growth of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis Sieb. and Zucc.) in north central West Virginia, 10th Central Hardwood Forest Conf., 131-140, 1995.

Pier, P. A., F. C. Thornton, C. McDuffie, Jr., and P. J. Hanson, CO₂ exchange rates of red spruce during the second season of exposure to ozone and acidic cloud deposition, Environ. Experiment. Bot., 32, 115-124, 1992.

Pierson, W. R., W. W. Brachaczek, R. A. Gorse, Jr., S. M. Japar, and J. M. Norbeck, Atmospheric acidity measurements on Allegheny Mountain and the origins of ambient acidity in the northeastern United States, Atmos. Environ., 233, 431-459, 1989.

Pilin, C. E., Côté, B. and J. W. Fyles, Effect of snow removal on leaf water potential, soil moisture, leaf and soil nutrient status and leaf peroxidase activity of sugar maple, Plant and Soil, 162, 81-88, 1994.

Pinker, R. T., and I. Laszlo, Global distribution of photosynthetically active radiation as observed from satellites, J. Climate, 5, 56-65, 1992.

Pinker, R. T., I. Laszlo, and F. Miskolczi, Photosynthetic climate in selected regions during the northern hemisphere growing season, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 8, 117-125, 1994.

Pitelka, L. F., and D. J. Raynal, Forest decline and acidic deposition, Ecology, 70, 2-10, 1989.

Pleijel, H., G. Wallin, P. E. Karlsson, and L. Skärby, Ozone gradients in a spruce forest stand in relation to wind speed and time of day, Atmos. Environ., 23, 4077-4084, 1996.

Plantico, M. S., T. R. Karl, G. Kukla, and J. Gavin, Is recent climate change across the United States related to rising levels of anthropogenic greenhouse gases?, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 16,617-16,637, 1990.

Pockman, W. T., J. S. Sperry, and J. W. O'Leary, Sustained and significant negative water pressure in xylem, Nature, 378, 715-716, 1995.

Polle, A., T. Otter, and B. Mehne-Jakobs, Effect of magnesium-deficiency on antioxidative systems in needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) grown with different ratios of nitrate and ammonium as nitrogen sources, New Phytol., 128, 621-628, 1994.

Polle, A., and H. Tiefenbacher, Photooxidative stress in trees, Ch. 8 in Causes of Photooxidative Stress and Amelioration of Defense Systems in Plants, C. H. Foyer and P. M. Mullineaux, eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 199-218, 1994.

Popp, M. P., J. D. Johnson, and M. S. Lesney, Characterization of the induced response of slash pine to inoculation with bark beetle vectored fungi, Tree Physiol., 15, 619-623, 1995.

Popp, M. P., J. D. Johnson, and M. S. Lesney, Changes in ethylene production and monoterpene concentration in slash pine and loblolly pine following inoculation with bark beetle vectored fungi, Tree Physiol., 15, in press, 1995.

Porbska, G., and J. Mulder, Effect of long-term nitrogen fertilization on soil aluminium chemistry, J. Ecol. Chem., 3, 269-279, 1994.

Postek, K. M., C. T. Driscoll, J. D. Aber, and R. C. Santore, Application of pnet-cn/chess to a spruce stand in Solling, Germany, Ecological Modelling, 83, 163-172, 1995.

Potter, L., J. P. Foot, S. J. M. Caporn, and J. A. Lee, Responses of four Sphagnum species to acute ozone fumigation, J. Bryology, 19, 19-32, 1996.

Poulson, S. R., C. P. Chamberlain, and A. J. Friedland, Nitrogen isotope variation of tree rings as a potential indicator of environmental change, Chemical Geology, 125, 307-315, 1995.

Pouyat, R. V., R. W. Parmelee, and M. M. Carreiro, Environmental effects of forest soil-invertebrate and fungal densities in oak stands along an urban-rural land use gradient, Pedobiologia, 38, 385-399, 1994.

Pouyat, R. V., M. M. Carreiro, M. J. McDonnell, S. T. A. Pickett, P. M. Groffman, R. W. Parmelee, K. E. Medley, and W. C. Zipperer, Carbon and nitrogen dynamics in oak stands along an urban-rural gradient, Ch. 26 in W. W. McFee and J. M. Kelly, eds., Carbon Forms and Functions in Forest Soils, Soil Science Soc. Am., Madison, WI, 569-587, 1995.

Pouyat, R. V., M. J. McDonnell, and S. T. A. Pickett, Soil characteristics of oak stands along an urban-rural land-use gradient, J. Environ. Qual., 24, 516-526, 1995.

Power, S. A., M. R. Ashmore, and K. A. Ling, Recent trends in beech tree health in southern Britain and the influence of soil type, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 85, 1293-1298, 1995.

Power, S. A., and M. R. Ashmore, Nutrient relations and root mycorrhizal status of healthy and declining beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in southern Britain, Water, Air and Soil Pollut., 86, 317-333, 1996.

Pretgitzer, K. S., A. J. Burton, G. D. Mroz, H. O. Liechty, and N. W. MacDonald, Foliar sulfur and nitrogen along an 800-km pollution gradient, Can. J. For. Res., 22, 1761-1769, 1992.

Prieto, F., Reflexiones para una estrategia forestal en España, Ecosistemas, No. 17, 28-35, 1996.

Prince, S. D., S. J. Goetz, and S. N. Goward, Monitoring primary production from Earth observing satellites, Water, Air, and Soil Pollut., 82, 509-522, 1995.

Prinz, B., Effects of air pollution on forests, J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 35, 913-915, 1985.

Prinz, B., Causes of forest damage in Europe, Environment, 29(9), 11-15, 32-37, Nov. 1987.

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Prügel, B., P. Loosveldt, and J.-P. Garrec, Changes in the content and constituents of the cuticular wax of Picea abies (L.) Karst. in relation to needle ageing and tree decline in five European forest areas, Trees, 9, 80-87, 1994.

Puckett, L. J., Identifying the major sources of nutrient water pollution, Environ. Sci. Technol., 29, 408A-414A, 1995.

Puxbaum, H, K, Gabler, S. Smidt, and F. Glattes, A one-year record of ozone profiles in an alpine valley (Zillertal/Tyrol), Austria, 600-2000 m a.s.l.), Atmos. Environ., 25A, 1759-1765, 1991.

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